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The kinetic theory of gases allows accurate calculation of the temperature-variation of gaseous viscosity. The theoretical basis of the kinetic theory is given by the Boltzmann equation and Chapman–Enskog theory, which allow accurate statistical modeling of molecular trajectories.
Under standard atmospheric conditions (25 °C and pressure of 1 bar), the dynamic viscosity of air is 18.5 μPa·s, roughly 50 times smaller than the viscosity of water at the same temperature. Except at very high pressure, the viscosity of air depends mostly on the temperature.
The Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation, also known as Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann–Hesse equation or Vogel–Fulcher equation (abbreviated: VFT equation), is used to describe the viscosity of liquids as a function of temperature, and especially its strongly temperature dependent variation in the supercooled regime, upon approaching the glass transition.
Chapman–Enskog theory also predicts a simple relation between thermal conductivity, , and viscosity, , in the form =, where is the specific heat at constant volume and is a purely numerical factor. For spherically symmetric molecules, its value is predicted to be very close to 2.5 {\displaystyle 2.5} in a slightly model-dependent way.
The empirical relationship of Williams-Landel-Ferry, [10] combined with the principle of time-temperature superposition, can account for variations in the intrinsic viscosity η 0 of amorphous polymers as a function of temperature, for temperatures near the glass transition temperature T g. The WLF model also expresses the change with the ...
The search for missing hiker Susan Lane-Fournier, 61, took a tragic turn after her body was found over the weekend in Welches, Oregon, an unincorporated community at the base of Mount Hood.
Becker–Morduchow–Libby solution. Two assumptions has to be made to facilitate explicit integration of the third equation. First, assume that the gas is ideal (polytropic since we shall assume constant values for the specific heats) in which case the equation of state is / = / and further =, where is the specific heat at constant pressure and is the specific heat ratio.
Approximately 38.4 million Americans had been diagnosed with diabetes as of 2021 — but about three times that many are in danger of developing the disease, even if they don’t know it. Nearly ...
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