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The 13 colonies had a degree of self-governance and active local elections, [a] and they resisted London's demands for more control over them. The French and Indian War (1754–1763) against France and its Indian allies led to growing tensions between Britain and the 13 colonies. During the 1750s, the colonies began collaborating with one ...
The Province of Maryland [1] was an English and later British colony in North America from 1634 [2] until 1776, when the province was one of the Thirteen Colonies that joined in supporting the American Revolution against Great Britain. In 1781, Maryland was the 13th signatory to the Articles of Confederation.
The thirteen colonies were all founded with royal authorization, and authority continued to flow from the monarch as colonial governments exercised authority in the king's name. [8] A colony's precise relationship to the Crown depended on whether it was a corporate colony , proprietary colony or royal colony as defined in its colonial charter .
Catholicism was introduced to the English colonies in 1634 with the founding of the Province of Maryland by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, a Roman Catholic Anglo-Irish Peer, based on a charter granted to his father George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore. [11]
In the period following Oliver Cromwell's fall in England, the colony grew and transitioned to a slave economy. It saw the beginnings of industry and urbanization. At the turn of the eighteenth century, King William's War (1689–1697) and Queen Anne's War (1702–1714) brought Maryland into depression again as European demand for tobacco decreased sharply.
St. Francis Xavier Church is the oldest Catholic church in continuous operation from the original 13 English colonies. [3] The community was established by the Jesuits as a mission in 1640, after the conversion of Chitomacon, the Piscataway king. [4] It was established as an independent parish in 1661.
The Maryland Court of Appeals now the Supreme Court of Maryland is founded by Article 56 of the Maryland Constitution of 1776. Fort Clinton is erected by the Continental Army west bank of the Hudson River. Fort Defiance is constructed by Nathanael Greene. [13] Fort Salonga is built in Fort Salonga, New York.
Maryland was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on April 28, 1788. [4] Before it declared its independence, Maryland was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain. Under the constitution of 1776, governors were appointed by the General Assembly legislature to one-year terms. They could be reelected for two ...