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Anhydrous borax is sodium tetraborate proper, with formula Na 2 B 4 O 7. It can be obtained by heating any hydrate to 300 °C. [ 20 ] It has one amorphous (glassy) form and three crystalline forms – α, β, and γ, with melting points of 1015, 993 and 936 K respectively. α- Na 2 B 4 O 7 is the stable form.
Thus borax, for example, is still often described as a decahydrate Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O, with the implied anion [B 4 O 7] 2−, whereas the correct formula is Na 2 B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ·8H 2 O, with anion [B 4 O 5 (OH) 4] 2−. The following table gives some of the crystalline sodium borates in this family. [2]
Boric acid, more specifically orthoboric acid, is a compound of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula B(OH) 3. It may also be called hydrogen orthoborate, trihydroxidoboron or boracic acid. [3] It is usually encountered as colorless crystals or a white powder, that dissolves in water, and occurs in nature as the mineral sassolite.
The acetate is formed by vinegar acting on copper. One version was used as a green pigment. White arsenic – arsenious oxide, formed by sublimating arsenical soot from the roasting ovens. White lead – carbonate of lead, a toxic
The hydrated tetraborate anion occurs in the mineral borax (sodium tetraborate octahydrate) with the formula Na 2 [B 4 O 5 (OH) 4]·8H 2 O. The borax chemical formula is also commonly written in a more compact notation as Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O. Sodium borate can be obtained in high purity and so can be used to make a standard solution in ...
Borax crystals. Common borate salts include sodium metaborate (NaBO 2) and borax. Borax is soluble in water, so mineral deposits only occur in places with very low rainfall. Extensive deposits were found in Death Valley and shipped with twenty-mule teams from 1883 to 1889. In 1925, deposits were found at Boron, California on the edge of the ...
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Vinegar is known as an effective cleaner of stainless steel and glass. Malt vinegar sprinkled onto crumpled newspaper is a traditional, and still-popular, method of cleaning grease-smeared windows and mirrors in the United Kingdom. [53] Vinegar can be used for polishing copper, brass, bronze or silver.