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Udder care and hygiene in cows is important in milking, aiding uninterrupted and untainted milk production, and preventing mastitis. Products exist to soothe the chapped skin of the udder. This helps prevent bacterial infection, and reduces irritation during milking by the cups, and so the cow is less likely to kick the cups off.
The akabeko (赤べこ, red cow) is a traditional toy from the Aizu region of Japan, thought to ward off illness. [168] In the Jewish religion, cattle appear as the golden calf , the idol that the Israelites made when Moses was on Mount Sinai, [ 169 ] and as the red heifer , used for certain ritual purifications. [ 170 ]
Most beef cattle are mated naturally, whereby a bull is released into a herd of cows approximately 55 days after the calving period, depending on the cows' body condition score (BCS). If it was a cow's first time calving, she will take longer to re-breed by at least 10 days. [4]
A cow hoof is cloven, or divided, into two approximately equal parts, usually called claws. [12] Approximately 95% of lameness in dairy cattle occurs in the feet. [ 12 ] Lameness in dairy cows can reduce milk production and fertility, and cause reproductive problems and suffering.
Feeding behaviors are important for the dairy cow, as feeding is how the cow ingests dry matter. However, the cow must ruminate to fully digest the feed and utilize the nutrients in the feed. [34] Dairy cows with good rumen health are likely to be more profitable than cows with poor rumen health—as a healthy rumen aids in digestion of nutrients.
Bovines (subfamily Bovinae) comprise a diverse group of 10 genera of medium to large-sized ungulates, including cattle, bison, African buffalo, water buffalos, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes.
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Example Bovidae (clockwise from top left) – addax (Addax nasomaculatus), domestic cattle (Bos taurus), mountain gazelle (Gazella gazella), impala (Aepyceros melampus), blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), and mouflon (Ovis gmelini)