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Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.
Small amounts of hydrogen chloride for laboratory use can be generated in an HCl generator by dehydrating hydrochloric acid with either sulfuric acid or anhydrous calcium chloride. Alternatively, HCl can be generated by the reaction of sulfuric acid with sodium chloride: [17] NaCl + H 2 SO 4 → NaHSO 4 + HCl↑. This reaction occurs at room ...
In chemistry, a hydrochloride is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). An alternative name is chlorhydrate, which comes from French. An archaic alternative name is muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's ancient name: muriatic acid.
Tetrachloroiodic acid may be formed by dissolution of iodine trichloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid: [2] ICl 3 + HCl → HICl 4. Tetrachloroiodic acid may also be made by passing chlorine through a solution of iodine in concentrated hydrochloric acid : I 2 + 3 Cl 2 + 2 HCl + 4 H 2 O → 2 HICl 4
AuCl 3 is a Lewis acid and readily forms complexes. For example, it reacts with hydrochloric acid to form chloroauric acid (H[AuCl 4]): [15] HCl + AuCl 3 → H + + [AuCl 4] −. Chloroauric acid is the product formed when gold dissolves in aqua regia. [15] On contact with water, AuCl 3 forms acidic hydrates and the conjugate base [AuCl 3 (OH)] −.
The product made by using hydrochloric acid is regarded as more stable than the one made using sulfuric acid. It is known that traces of sulfuric acid trapped inside the formed acetone peroxide crystals lead to instability. In fact, the trapped sulfuric acid can induce detonation at temperatures as low as 50 °C (122 °F).
Copper(I) chloride has the cubic zincblende crystal structure at ambient conditions. Upon heating to 408 °C the structure changes to hexagonal. Several other crystalline forms of CuCl appear at high pressures (several GPa). [5] Copper(I) chloride is a Lewis acid. It is classified as soft according to the hard-soft acid-base concept.
[1]: 6 Radium chloride is only sparingly soluble in azeotropic hydrochloric acid and virtually insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. [5] Gaseous RaCl 2 shows strong absorptions in the visible spectrum at 676.3 nm and 649.8 nm (red): the dissociation energy of the radium–chlorine bond is estimated as 2.9 eV, [6] and its length as 292 pm ...
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