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Because forest farming combines ecological stability of natural forests and productive agriculture systems, it is considered to have great potential for regenerating soils, restoring ground water supplies, controlling floods and droughts and cultivating marginal lands. [141]
The period since 1950 has brought "the most rapid transformation of the human relationship with the natural world in the history of humankind". [1] Almost one-third of the world's forests, and almost two-thirds of its grassland, have been lost to human agriculture—which now occupies almost half the world's habitable land.
Close to nature forestry is a forest management approach treating forest as an ecological system performing multiple functions. It is developing in the peri-alpine coutries of Europe (such as Switzerland, France, Germany and Slovenia) for more than 70 years, based on certain sustainable forest management practices from the late 19th century.
Eugenius Warming's work with ecological plant geography led to the founding of ecology as a discipline. [6] Charles Darwin's work also contributed to the science of ecology, and Darwin is often attributed with progressing the discipline more than anyone else in its young history. Ecological thought expanded even more in the early 20th century. [7]
Forests or tree plantations, those whose primary purpose is the extraction of forest products, are planned and managed to utilize a mix of ecological and agroecological principles. [11] In many regions of the world there is considerable conflict between forest practices and other societal priorities such as water quality, watershed preservation ...
Historical ecology studies the interactions between people and their environment over the long term. Historical ecology is a research program that focuses on the interactions between humans and their environment over long-term periods of time, typically over the course of centuries. [1]
Agroecology is an academic discipline that studies ecological processes applied to agricultural production systems. Bringing ecological principles to bear can suggest new management approaches in agroecosystems. The term can refer to a science, a movement, or an agricultural practice. [1] Agroecologists study a variety of agroecosystems.
In the southeast, longleaf pine dominated the grassy woodlands and open-floored forests which once covered 92,000,000 acres (370,000 km 2) from Virginia to Texas. These covered 36% of the region's land and 52% of the upland areas. Of this, less than 1% of the unaltered forest still stands. [9]