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  2. Felo de se - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felo_de_se

    A news report in 1866 as to the case of Eli Sykes, a prisoner awaiting the death sentence at Armley gaol in Leeds, read the inquest jury returned a verdict of felo de se and "in consequence of that verdict the body would be buried at midnight, without any religious ceremony, within the precincts of the gaol". [3]

  3. List of paradoxes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_paradoxes

    Therefore, it is not opposite day, but if you say it is a normal day it would be considered a normal day, which contradicts the fact that it has previously been stated that it is an opposite day. Richard's paradox : We appear to be able to use simple English to define a decimal expansion in a way that is self-contradictory.

  4. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Persuasive definition – purporting to use the "true" or "commonly accepted" meaning of a term while, in reality, using an uncommon or altered definition. (cf. the if-by-whiskey fallacy) Ecological fallacy – inferring about the nature of an entity based solely upon aggregate statistics collected for the group to which that entity belongs.

  5. Fallibilism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallibilism

    The founder of critical rationalism: Karl Popper. In the mid-twentieth century, several important philosophers began to critique the foundations of logical positivism.In his work The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934), Karl Popper, the founder of critical rationalism, argued that scientific knowledge grows from falsifying conjectures rather than any inductive principle and that ...

  6. List of common misconceptions about arts and culture

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common...

    The misconception that it is a death sentence stems from a decree issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini of Iran in 1989 where he said that the author Salman Rushdie had earned a death sentence for blasphemy. It is debated whether this was a fatwa. [254] [255] [256] The word jihad does not always mean 'holy war'; its literal meaning in Arabic is ...

  7. Falsifiability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiability

    Another example from Maxwell is "All beta decays are accompanied with a neutrino emission from the same nucleus." [41] This is also not falsifiable, because maybe the neutrino can be detected in a different manner. The law is falsifiable and much more useful from a scientific point of view, if the method to detect the neutrino is specified. [42]

  8. Error of impunity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_of_impunity

    Police archives, opened in 2003, suggest that evidence was passed to the defence by the DPP in order to allow Adams to avoid the death sentence, then still in force. Home Office pathologist Francis Camps suspected Adams of killing 163 patients in total. [4] Adams was only ever fined for minor offences and struck off the medical register for ...

  9. Formal fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_fallacy

    People often have difficulty applying the rules of logic. For example, a person may say the following syllogism is valid, when in fact it is not: All birds have beaks. That creature has a beak. Therefore, that creature is a bird. "That creature" may well be a bird, but the conclusion does not follow from the premises.