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Decoding Annie Parker is a 2013 American drama film written and directed by Steven Bernstein.The film stars Samantha Morton, Helen Hunt and Aaron Paul.The film tells the story of Annie Parker [1] and the discovery of the BRCA1 breast cancer gene.
The researchers studied women of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry in New York, a group that was known to have a very high incidence of breast cancer (up to an 80% risk by age 70, compared with 12% in the general population). [32] [33] She has also studied the incidence of breast cancer in Palestinian women. [34]
BRCA-related breast cancer appears at an earlier age than sporadic breast cancer. [9]: 89–111 It has been asserted that BRCA-related breast cancer is more aggressive than normal breast cancer, however most studies in specific populations suggest little or no difference in survival rates despite seemingly worse prognostic factors. [11] [12] [13]
[13] [11] BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been described as "breast cancer susceptibility genes" and "breast cancer susceptibility proteins". The predominant allele has a normal, tumor-suppressive function whereas high penetrance mutations in these genes cause a loss of tumor-suppressive function which correlates with an increased risk of breast cancer. [14]
Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer worldwide on a yearly basis [(1.38 million cases, 10.9% of all cancer cases), and ranks 5th as cause of death (458,000, 6.1% of all cancer deaths)]. [12] Breast cancer risk is associated with persistently high blood levels of estrogen. [17]
Studies to identify genetic mutations linked with breast cancer have previously mainly focused on women of European ancestry. The new findings are drawn from more than 40,000 women of African ...
The mutations occurred in these genes' hot spots, i.e. areas of a genes' DNA that are likely to mutate. Two of the 3 individuals with family histories of breast cancer had PIK3C gene mutation and one individual with a family history of breast cancer had an AKT1 gene mutation. [3]
Because of their patent control, Myriad Genetics, were being accused of limiting scientific breakthroughs that may lead to better prevention or treatment of ovarian and breast cancer. [2] Parts of the company's patents on the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were ruled invalid on March 29, 2010 by Judge Robert W. Sweet in the U.S. District Court for the ...
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