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English: One mechanism H. pylori has to combat the acidic environment of the stomach is the urease enzyme. This enzyme can be found on the surface of and inside the cell. It takes urea and water from the bloodstream and stomach and converts them to ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Rapid urease test, also known as the CLO test (Campylobacter-like organism test), is a rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. [1] The basis of the test is the ability of H. pylori to secrete the urease enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide .
Urease activity was first identified in 1876 by Frédéric Alphonse Musculus as a soluble ferment. [4] In 1926, James B. Sumner, showed that urease is a protein by examining its crystallized form. [5]
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Helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomach for decades in most people, and induces chronic gastritis, a long-lasting inflammation of the stomach. In most cases symptoms are never experienced but about 10–20% of those infected will ultimately develop gastric and duodenal ulcers, and have a possible 1–2% lifetime risk of gastric cancer.
Patients swallow urea labelled with an uncommon isotope, either radioactive carbon-14 (nowadays preferred in many countries) or non-radioactive carbon-13.In the subsequent 10–30 minutes, the detection of isotope-labelled carbon dioxide in exhaled breath indicates that the urea was split; this indicates that urease (the enzyme that H. pylori uses to metabolize urea to produce ammonia) is ...
Foveolar cells in the antrum of stomach. A skewed cross-section of the columns gives a false impression of being stratified epithelium. Foveolar cells line the surface of the stomach and the gastric pits. They constitute a simple columnar epithelium, as they form a single layer of cells and are taller than their width. Other mucus-secreting ...
The stomach does vary in size but its J shape is constant. [citation needed] The stomach lies in the upper part of the abdomen just below the left rib cage. The term gastropathy means "stomach disease" and is included in the name of the diseases portal hypertensive gastropathy, hyperplastic hypersecretory gastropathy (Ménétrier's disease ...