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Social emotional development represents a specific domain of child development. It is a gradual, integrative process through which children acquire the capacity to understand, experience, express, and manage emotions and to develop meaningful relationships with others. [ 1 ]
Between 4 and 6 years, the classic tripod grip develops and is made more efficient. Questioning at its height; Many infantile substitutions in speech; Dresses and undresses with assistance; Attends to own toilet needs; 5 years Skips on both feet and hops. Begins to be able to control balance not attained at 3–4 years of age [16]
Emotional development is a lifelong process and these skills develop at an early age. [27] In the early years, children develop basic emotions such as joy, fear, sadness, anger, interest and surprise. [28] The relationship with the primary caregivers plays a crucial role in the emotional development of young children.
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated in the second half of the 20th century by Erik Erikson in collaboration with Joan Erikson, [1] is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages that a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood.
By age 1, children are able to say 1–2 words, respond to their name, imitate familiar sounds and follow simple instructions. [131] Between 1–2 years old, the child uses 5–20 words, says 2-word sentences, expresses their wishes by saying words like "more" or "up", and understands the word "no". [131]
In the earliest years, children are "completely dependent on the care of others". Therefore, they develop a "social relationship" with their care givers and, later, with family members. During their preschool years (3–5), they "enlarge their social horizons" to include people outside the family. [120]
Children's brains will expand and become more developed in these early years. Although adults play a huge part in early childhood development, the most important way children develop is through interaction with other children. [9] Children develop close relationships with the children they spend a large period of time with.
Children need caring and supportive adults to help them because it is difficult for children to handle this type of stress on their own. [4] Therefore, the stress response may be activated from weeks to months or even years. [4] Prolonged stress leads to adverse effects such as permanent emotional or developmental damage. [4]