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There are also a number of other conditions that affect hands, feet, and parts of the face with associated skin color changes that need to be differentiated from acrocyanosis: Raynaud phenomenon, pernio, acrorygosis, erythromelalgia, and blue finger syndrome. The diagnosis may be challenging in some cases, especially when these syndromes co-exist.
Paroxysmal hand hematoma, also known as Achenbach syndrome, is a skin condition characterized by spontaneous focal hemorrhage into the palm or the volar surface of a finger, which results in transitory localized pain, followed by rapid swelling and localized blueish discoloration.
Furthermore, mongolian spots, large birthmarks, and the consumption of food products with blue or purple dyes can also result in the bluish skin tissue discoloration and may be mistaken for cyanosis. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Appropriate physical examination and history taking is a crucial part to diagnose cyanosis.
Systemic corticosteroids may cause a number of side-effects and are only used in problematic IH, which is too large to treat with intralesional injections. During the proliferating phase, the tumor is highly vascular. Patients who undergo operative treatment during this period, are at risk for blood loss.
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare disorder that consists mainly of abnormal blood vessels affecting the skin or internal organs – usually the gastrointestinal tract. [1] The disease is characterized by the presence of fluid-filled blisters ( blebs ) as visible, circumscribed, chronic lesions ( nevi ).
A venous lake (also known as phlebectasis [1]) is a generally solitary, soft, compressible, dark blue to violaceous, 0.2- to 1-cm papule commonly found on sun-exposed surfaces of the vermilion border of the lip, face and ears. [2] [3] [4] Lesions generally occur among the elderly. [5] [6]
Varicose veins and reticular veins are often treated before treating telangiectasia, although treatment of these larger veins in advance of sclerotherapy for telangiectasia may not guarantee better results. [18] [19] [20] Varicose veins can be treated with foam sclerotherapy, endovenous laser treatment, radiofrequency ablation, or open
If no underlying cause is found and the vasculitis is truly limited to the skin then treatment is primarily supportive. [13] Such treatment involves measures such as leg elevation, stockings, and topical steroids to relieve itching/burning. If the vasculitis does not self-resolve within 3–4 weeks, more aggressive treatment may be warranted. [13]