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The wind stress is the component of this wind force that is parallel to the surface per unit area. Also, the wind stress can be described as the flux of horizontal momentum applied by the wind on the water surface. The wind stress causes a deformation of the water body whereby wind waves are generated.
The driving force behind the vertical velocity is the Ekman transport, which in the Northern (Southern) hemisphere is to the right (left) of the wind stress; thus a stress field with a positive (negative) curl leads to Ekman divergence (convergence), and water must rise from beneath to replace the old Ekman layer water.
In atmospheric science, geostrophic flow (/ ˌ dʒ iː ə ˈ s t r ɒ f ɪ k, ˌ dʒ iː oʊ-,-ˈ s t r oʊ-/ [1] [2] [3]) is the theoretical wind that would result from an exact balance between the Coriolis force and the pressure gradient force. This condition is called geostrophic equilibrium or geostrophic balance (also known as geostrophy).
Friction between the atmosphere and the Earth's surface causes a 20% reduction in the wind at the surface of the Earth. [10] Surface roughness also leads to significant variation of wind speeds. Over land, winds maximize at hill or mountain crests , while sheltering leads to lower wind speeds in valleys and lee slopes. [ 11 ]
A difference in air pressure causes an air displacement and generates the wind. The Coriolis force deflects the air movement to the right in the northern hemisphere and the left in the southern one, which makes the winds parallel to the isobars on an elevation in pressure card. [1] It is also referred as the geostrophic wind. [2]
Wind chill makes it feel much colder than it really is, so it's been described as a "feels-like" number. If the temperature is 0 degrees and the wind is blowing at 15 mph, the wind chill is 19 ...
Wind setup, also known as wind effect or storm effect, refers to the rise in water level in seas, lakes, or other large bodies of water caused by winds pushing the water in a specific direction. As the wind moves across the water’s surface, it applies shear stress to the water, generating a wind-driven current.
The world’s first sand battery acts as a high-capacity reservoir for excess wind and solar energy. Energy is stored as heat, which can then be transferred for commercial use.