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The first weather satellite to be considered a success was TIROS-1, launched by NASA on April 1, 1960. [5] TIROS operated for 78 days and proved to be much more successful than Vanguard 2. Other early weather satellite programs include the 1962 Defense Satellite Applications Program (DSAP) [6] and the 1964 Soviet Meteor series.
Earth observation satellite missions developed by the ESA as of 2019. Earth observation satellites are Earth-orbiting spacecraft with sensors used to collect imagery and measurements of the surface of the earth. These satellites are used to monitor short-term weather, long-term climate change, natural disasters.
[1] [2] The resulting temperature profiles depend on details of the methods that are used to obtain temperatures from radiances. As a result, different groups that have analyzed the satellite data have produced differing temperature datasets. The satellite time series is not homogeneous.
Another satellite temperature analysis is provided by NOAA/NESDIS STAR Center for Satellite Application and Research and use simultaneous nadir overpasses (SNO) [25] to remove satellite intercalibration biases yielding more accurate temperature trends. The STAR-NOAA analysis finds a 1979–2016 trend of +0.129 °C/decade for TMT channel.
[3] [4] Space Operations Command intends to include ECP sensors on all future satellites for space weather monitoring, starting from the early 2020s. [5] WSF-M was launched in April 2024 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket from Vandenberg Space Force Base. [1] [2] WSF-M will be the first satellite in the Weather System Follow-on (WSF) program.
Some discrepancies between the UAH temperature measurements and temperatures measured by other groups remain, with (as of 2019) the lower troposphere temperature trend from 1979-2019 calculated as +0.13 °C/decade by UAH, [7] [8] and calculated at +0.208 °C/decade by RSS. [9] [10]
GOES-8, a United States weather satellite. A weather satellite is a type of satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth. [10] These meteorological satellites, however, see more than clouds and cloud systems.
The AIRS instrument flies on NASA's Aqua satellite. The atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS) is one of six instruments flying on board NASA's Aqua satellite, launched on May 4, 2002. The instrument is designed to support climate research and improve weather forecasting. [1]