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2. Aluminium smelting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_smelting

   Cryolite is a good solvent for alumina with low melting point, satisfactory viscosity, and low vapour pressure. Its density is also lower than that of liquid aluminium (2 vs 2.3 g/cm 3), which allows natural separation of the product from the salt at the bottom of the cell.

3. Hall–Héroult process - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall–Héroult_process

   Pure cryolite has a melting point of 1009 ± 1 °C (1848°F). With a small percentage of alumina dissolved in it, its melting point drops to about 1000 °C (1832°F). Besides having a relatively low melting point, cryolite is used as an electrolyte because, among other things, it also dissolves alumina well, conducts electricity, dissociates electrolytically at higher voltage than alumina, and ...

4. Smelting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting

   Copper smelter, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia Electrolytic cells at an aluminum smelter in Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, France Smelting involves more than just melting the metal out of its ore. Most ores are the chemical compound of the metal and other elements, such as oxygen (as an oxide ), sulfur (as a sulfide ), or carbon and oxygen together (as a ...

5. Cryolite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryolite

   Pure cryolite itself melts at 1012 °C (1285 K), and it can dissolve the aluminium oxides sufficiently well to allow easy extraction of the aluminium by electrolysis. Substantial energy is still needed for both heating the materials and the electrolysis, but it is much more energy-efficient than melting the oxides themselves.

6. Vacuum arc remelting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_arc_remelting

   Ideally, the melt rate stays constant throughout the process cycle, but monitoring and control of the vacuum arc remelting process is not simple. [5] This is because there is a complex heat transfer occurring involving conduction, radiation, convection within the liquid metal, and advection caused by the Lorentz force. Ensuring the consistency ...

7. Melting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting

   Melting, or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. This occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases, typically by the application of heat or pressure , which increases the substance's temperature to the melting point .

8. I Made Kamala Harris' Easy, Cheesy Tuna Melt and It's ... - AOL

   www.aol.com/made-kamala-harris-easy-cheesy...

   Plus, a tuna melt sounded so retro, like something my grandmother would have ordered at the corner diner in the 60s, and not a tasty summer sandwich for eating in the Year 2024. I can admit when I ...

9. Liquation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquation

   The cakes are heated in a liquation furnace, usually four or five at once, to a temperature above the melting point of lead (327°C), but below that of copper (1084 °C), so that the silver-rich lead melts and flows away. [5] As the melting point of lead is so low a high-temperature furnace is not required and it can be fuelled with wood. [7]