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In fixed pass-through or GPU pass-through (a special case of PCI pass-through), a GPU is accessed directly by a single virtual machine exclusively and permanently. This technique achieves 96–100% of native performance [ 3 ] and high fidelity, [ 1 ] but the acceleration provided by the GPU cannot be shared between multiple virtual machines.
x86 virtualization is the use of hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities on an x86/x86-64 CPU.. In the late 1990s x86 virtualization was achieved by complex software techniques, necessary to compensate for the processor's lack of hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities while attaining reasonable performance.
Platform virtualization software, specifically emulators and hypervisors, are software packages that emulate the whole physical computer machine, often providing multiple virtual machines on one physical platform. The table below compares basic information about platform virtualization hypervisors.
Resizing of disk image formats from Oracle, VDI (VirtualBox disk image), and Microsoft, VHD (Virtual PC hard disk) 4.1 Jul 19, 2011: Windows Aero support (experimental) Virtual machine cloning; 4.2 Sep 13, 2012: Virtual machine groups – allows management of a group of virtual machines as a single unit (power them on or off, take snapshots, etc.)
Direct passthrough (GVT-d): the GPU is available for a single virtual machine without sharing with other machines Paravirtualized API forwarding (GVT-s): the GPU is shared by multiple virtual machines using a virtual graphics driver; few supported graphics APIs ( OpenGL , DirectX ), no support for GPGPU
Hyper-V is a native hypervisor developed by Microsoft; it can create virtual machines on x86-64 systems running Windows. [1] It is included in Pro and Enterprise editions of Windows NT (since Windows 8) as an optional feature to be manually enabled. [2]
CUDA is a software layer that gives direct access to the GPU's virtual instruction set and parallel computational elements for the execution of compute kernels. [6] In addition to drivers and runtime kernels, the CUDA platform includes compilers, libraries and developer tools to help programmers accelerate their applications.
The ESP8266 and ESP32 microcontrollers will display "Guru Meditation Error: Core X panic'ed" (where X is 0 or 1 depending on which core crashed) along with a core dump and stack trace. [6] VirtualBox uses the term "Guru Meditation" for severe errors in the virtual machine monitor, for example caused by a triple fault in the virtual machine.