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Doha (Urdu: دوہا, Hindi: दोहा, Punjabi: ਦੋਹਾ) is a form of self-contained rhyming couplet in poetry composed in Mātrika metre. This genre of poetry first became common in Apabhraṃśa and was commonly used in Hindustani language poetry. [1] Among the most famous dohas are those of Sarahpa, Kabir, Mirabai, Rahim, Tulsidas ...
The Urdu ghazal makes use of two main rhymes: the radif and qaafiya. [9] The radif is a repeating refrain consisting of a single word or short phrase that ends every second line in the ghazal. [ 9 ] However, in the matla , the first she'r of a ghazal, the radif will end both lines of the she'r.
In Persian, Turkic, and Urdu ghazals, the qāfiya (from Arabic قافية qāfiya, lit. ' rhyme '; Persian: قافیہ; Azerbaijani: qafiyə; Urdu: قافیہ; Uzbek: qofiya) is the rhyming pattern of words that must directly precede the radif. [1] [2] The qāfiya is the actual rhyme of the ghazal. [3]
Indian poetry and Indian literature in general, has a long history dating back to Vedic times. They were written in various Indian languages such as Vedic Sanskrit, Classical Sanskrit, Ancient Meitei, Modern Meitei, Telugu, Tamil, Odia, Maithili, Kannada, Bengali, Assamese, Hindi, Marathi and Urdu among other prominent languages.
The hazaj meter is also represented in Ottoman Turkish, Persian and other Iranian, Urdu and other North Indian traditions. In Persian, Ottoman Turkish and Urdu, the antispast variant given above is not used, and the meter is found mainly in two forms, one of 11 syllables and the other of 16: [12] u – – – | u – – – | u – – (x2)
Nazm is a significant genre of Urdu and Sindhi poetry; the other one is known as ghazal. Nazm is significantly written by controlling one’s thoughts and feelings, which are constructively discussed as well as developed and finally, concluded, according to the poetic laws.
The Urdu Contemporary Version (UCV) Urdu Hamasar Tarjama of the New Testament was published by Biblica in 2015. The Old Testament is still in preparation. In collaboration with Church-Centric Bible Translation, Free Bibles India has published the Indian Revised Version (IRV) in the Devanagari script online in 2019. [citation needed]
The mukhammas represents a stanza of two distichs and a hemistich in monorhyme, the fifth line being the "bob" or burden: each succeeding stanza affects a new rhyme, except in the fifth line, e.g., a rhyme scheme of AAAAB CCCCB DDDDB and so forth. Every stanza of a mukhammas includes five lines. In the first stanza, all five lines rhyme.