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  2. Atomic orbital - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital

    That is, the probability of finding an electron at a given place is also a function of the electron's average momentum at that point, since high electron momentum at a given position tends to "localize" the electron in that position, via the properties of electron wave-packets (see the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for details of the mechanism).

  3. Atom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom

    The electron cloud is a region inside the potential well where each electron forms a type of three-dimensional standing wave—a wave form that does not move relative to the nucleus. This behavior is defined by an atomic orbital , a mathematical function that characterises the probability that an electron appears to be at a particular location ...

  4. Electron-cloud effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-cloud_effect

    Electron clouds are created when accelerated charged particles disturb stray electrons already floating in the tube, and bounce or slingshot the electrons into the wall. These stray electrons can be photo-electrons from synchrotron radiation or electrons from ionized gas molecules.

  5. Electron shell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell

    In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell may be thought of as an orbit that electrons follow around an atom's nucleus. The closest shell to the nucleus is called the "1 shell" (also called the "K shell"), followed by the "2 shell" (or "L shell"), then the "3 shell" (or "M shell"), and so on further and further from the nucleus.

  6. Electron orbital imaging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_orbital_imaging

    Electron orbital imaging is an X-ray synchrotron technique used to produce images of electron (or hole) orbitals in real space. It utilizes the technique of X-ray Raman scattering (XRS), [1] also known as Non-resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (NIXS) [2] to inelastically scatter electrons off a single crystal.

  7. Electron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron

    Transmission electron microscopes function like overhead projectors, with a beam of electrons passing through a slice of material then being projected by lenses on a photographic slide or a charge-coupled device. Scanning electron microscopes rasteri a finely focused electron beam, as in a TV set, across the studied sample to produce the image ...

  8. Atomic nucleus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus

    Classical images of separate particles fail to model known charge distributions in very small nuclei. A more accurate image is that the spatial distribution of nucleons in a helium nucleus is much closer to the helium electron cloud shown here, although on a far smaller scale, than to the fanciful nucleus image.

  9. Rutherford model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_model

    In the same paper that Thomson announced his results on "corpuscle" nature of cathode rays, an event considered the discovery of the electron, he began speculating on atomic models composed of electrons. He developed his model, now called the plum pudding model, primarily in 1904-06. He produced an elaborate mechanical model of the electrons ...