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Women in Japan were recognized as having equal legal rights to men after World War II. Japanese women first gained the right to vote in 1880, but this was a temporary event limited to certain municipalities, [6] [7] and it was not until 1945 that women gained the right to vote on a permanent, nationwide basis. [8]
The following is a list of current and historical women's universities and colleges in Japan. A women's college is an institution of higher education where enrollment is all-female. Most of these are private universities ; a few are funded by the prefectural governments; the only two funded by the national government are Nara and Ochanomizu .
A women's rights group meeting in Tokyo, to push for universal suffrage. While women's advocacy has been present in Japan since the nineteenth century, aggressive calls for women's suffrage in Japan surfaced during the turbulent interwar period of the 1920s. Enduring a societal, political, and cultural metamorphosis, Japanese citizens lived in ...
Between 1878 and 1883, when the Meiji government restructured the state, Japanese women's political and legal rights were significantly reduced. This restructure paved the way for solidifying Japan's legal structure, but introduced new laws and terms regarding kōmin, "citizens or subjects," and kōken/ri, "public rights."
Onna daigaku, this edition 1783 AD. The Onna Daigaku (女大学 or "The Great Learning for Women") is an 18th-century Japanese educational text advocating for neo-Confucian values in education, with the oldest existing version dating to 1729.
College education was largely limited to the few imperial universities, where German influences were strong. Three of the imperial universities admitted women, and there were a number of women's colleges, some quite prestigious, but women had relatively few opportunities to enter higher education.
It is speculated that leading causes of Japan's declining birthrate include the institutional and social challenges Japanese women face when expected to care for children while simultaneously working the long hours expected of Japanese workers. [3] Japanese family policy measures therefore seek to make childcare easier for new parents.
During the 1980s—a decade which saw Japan ratify the U.N. Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in 1985 [5] and the proposal of Japan's first National Action Plan for combating gender inequality in 1987 [7] —one public opinion survey found that 71% of Japanese women favored separate roles for men and women. [8]