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  2. Functional discourse grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_discourse_grammar

    Functional discourse grammar explains the phonology, morphosyntax, pragmatics and semantics in one linguistic theory. According to functional discourse grammar, linguistic utterances are built top-down in this order by deciding upon: The pragmatic aspects of the utterance; The semantic aspects of the utterance; The morphosyntactic aspects of ...

  3. Common ground (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_ground_(linguistics)

    In semantics, pragmatics, and philosophy of language, the common ground of a conversation is the set of propositions that the interlocutors have agreed to treat as true. For a proposition to be in the common ground, it must be common knowledge in the conversational context.

  4. Cooperative principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperative_principle

    Often the addressee of an utterance can add to the overt, surface meaning of a sentence by assuming the speaker has obeyed the maxims. Such additional meanings, if intended by the speaker, are called conversational implicatures. For example, in the exchange A (to passer by): I am out of gas. B: There is a gas station round the corner.

  5. Pragmatics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatics

    For example, the study of code switching directly relates to pragmatics, since a switch in code effects a shift in pragmatic force. [ 23 ] According to Charles W. Morris , pragmatics tries to understand the relationship between signs and their users, while semantics tends to focus on the actual objects or ideas to which a word refers, and ...

  6. 75 Deep Conversation Starters That'll Help You Bond For Real

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/75-deep-conversation...

    Deep conversation starters and deep questions to ask your partner, friend, or family to really strengthen your bond, get to know each other better, and connect.

  7. Metapragmatics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metapragmatics

    Example: "This is an example sentence." The anthropologist Aomar Boum uses a related concept of "ethnometapragmatics" to explain the Moroccan concept of showing the "plastic eye" ( 'ayn mika ), which refers to the practice of ignoring something while pretending it is not there.

  8. Implicature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicature

    Grice distinguished conversational implicatures, which arise because speakers are expected to respect general rules of conversation, and conventional ones, which are tied to certain words such as "but" or "therefore". [2] Take for example the following exchange: A (to passerby): I am out of gas. B: There is a gas station 'round the corner.

  9. Relevance theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance_theory

    Examples for the latter are loose language use (saying "I earn €2000 a month" when one really earns €1997.32), hyperbole, and metaphor. In other words, relevance theory views figurative language, just as literal language, as a description of an actual state of affairs (path (c) in the diagram), the only difference being the extent to which ...