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Proliferation, as one of the hallmarks and most fundamental biological processes in tumors, [1] is associated with tumor progression, response to therapy, and cancer patient survival. [2] Consequently, the evaluation of a tumor proliferative index (or growth fraction) has clinical significance in characterizing many solid tumors and hematologic ...
The relative risk associated with atypia was 4.24 (95 percent confidence interval, 3.26 to 5.41), as compared with a relative risk of 1.88 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.66 to 2.12) for proliferative changes without atypia and of 1.27 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.41) for nonproliferative lesions.
MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 is a breast cancer cell line isolated in 1970 from a 69-year-old white woman. [1] MCF-7 is the acronym of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7, referring to the institute in Detroit where the cell line was established in 1973 by Herbert Soule and co-workers. [2]
3-5 Grade 1 tumor (well-differentiated). Best prognosis. 6-7 Grade 2 tumor (moderately differentiated). Medium prognosis. 8-9 Grade 3 tumor (poorly differentiated). Worst prognosis. Lower-grade tumors, with a more favorable prognosis, can be treated less aggressively, and have a better survival rate.
The neoplastic grading is a measure of cell anaplasia (reversion of differentiation) in the sampled tumor and is based on the resemblance of the tumor to the tissue of origin. [1] Grading in cancer is distinguished from staging , which is a measure of the extent to which the cancer has spread .
A precancerous condition is a condition, tumor or lesion involving abnormal cells which are associated with an increased risk of developing into cancer. [1] [2] [3] Clinically, precancerous conditions encompass a variety of abnormal tissues with an increased risk of developing into cancer.
The incidence of desmoid tumors is 5–6 per million per year; [2] they constitute 0.03% of tumors and less than 3% of soft-tissue tumors. The primary age range is 15–60, with a peak between 30 and 40 years old; it is 2–3 times more common in females than males.
The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors (TNM) is a globally recognised standard for classifying the anatomical extent of the spread of malignant tumours (cancer). It has gained wide international acceptance for many solid tumor cancers, but is not applicable to leukaemia or tumors of the central nervous system.