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A multimodal interface provides several distinct tools for input and output of data. Multimodal human-computer interaction involves natural communication with virtual and physical environments. It facilitates free and natural communication between users and automated systems, allowing flexible input (speech, handwriting, gestures) and output ...
The Multimodal Architecture and Interfaces specification is based on the MVC design pattern, that proposes to organize the user interface structure in three parts: the Model, the View and the Controller. [3] This design pattern is also shown by the Data-Flow-Presentation architecture from the Voice Browser Working Group. [4]
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In the context of human–computer interaction, a modality is the classification of a single independent channel of input/output between a computer and a human. Such channels may differ based on sensory nature (e.g., visual vs. auditory), [1] or other significant differences in processing (e.g., text vs. image). [2]
EMMA (Extensible Multi-Modal Annotations): a data exchange format for the interface between input processors and interaction management systems. It will define the means for recognizers to annotate application specific data with information such as confidence scores, time stamps, input mode (e.g. key strokes, speech or pen), alternative ...
Perhaps the first substantive example of a two-modal logic is Arthur Prior's tense logic, with two modalities, F and P, corresponding to "sometime in the future" and "sometime in the past". A logic [1] with infinitely many modalities is dynamic logic, introduced by Vaughan Pratt in 1976 and having a separate modal operator for every regular ...
Multimodal learning, machine learning methods using multiple input modalities; Multimodal transport, a contract for delivery involving the use of multiple modes of goods transport; Multimodality, the use of several modes (media) in a single artifact; Multimodal logic modal logic that has more than one primitive modal operator
Compromises to the degree to which an interface implements direct manipulation are frequently seen. For some examples, most versions of windowing interfaces allow users to reposition a window by dragging it with the mouse. In early systems, redrawing the window while dragging was not feasible due to computational limitations.