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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop following exposure to an extremely threatening or horrific event.It is characterized by several of the following signs or symptoms: unwanted re-experiencing of the traumatic event—such as vivid, intense, and emotion-laden intrusive memories—dissociative flashback episodes, or nightmares; active avoidance of thoughts, memories, or reminders ...
The standard surgical treatment for severe GERD is the Nissen fundoplication. In this procedure, the upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the lower esophageal sphincter to strengthen the sphincter and prevent acid reflux and to repair a hiatal hernia. [61] It is recommended only for those who do not improve with PPIs. [42]
Biliary reflux can be confused with acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). While bile reflux involves fluid from the small intestine flowing into the stomach and esophagus, acid reflux is the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus. These conditions are often related, and differentiating between the two can be ...
Veterans' health care in the United States is separated geographically into 19 regions (numbered 1, 2, 4–10, 12 and 15–23) [1] known as VISNs, or Veterans Integrated Service Networks, into systems within each network headed by medical centers, and hierarchically within each system by division level of care or type.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is usually assumed to be caused by inflammation from gastric acid reflux which irritates the mucosa. One study suggests that the pathogenesis of may be cytokine-mediated. [6] Microscopic Slide of Infectious Esophagitis. Infectious esophagitis. Esophagitis happens due to a viral, fungal, parasitic or bacterial ...
Lequesne algofunctional index: a composite measure of pain and disability, with separate self-report questionnaires for hip and knee OA (osteoarthritis): [30] Original index (1987) [31] 1991 revision [32] 1997 revision [33] Mankoski Pain Scale [34] McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) [35] Multiple Pain Rating Scales [36] Neck Pain and Disability ...
It is the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [6] Other common descriptors for heartburn (besides burning) are belching, nausea, squeezing, stabbing, or a sensation of pressure on the chest. The pain often rises in the chest (directly behind the breastbone) and may radiate to the neck, throat, or angle of the arm.
Stretta is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that delivers radiofrequency energy in the form of electromagnetic waves through electrodes at the end of a catheter to the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the gastric cardia – the region of the stomach just below the LES.