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Avoidant personality disorder (AvPD), or anxious personality disorder, is a cluster C personality disorder characterized by excessive social anxiety and inhibition, fear of intimacy (despite an intense desire for it), severe feelings of inadequacy and inferiority, and an overreliance on avoidance of feared stimuli (e.g., self-imposed social isolation) as a maladaptive coping method. [1]
The American Psychological Association considers emotion-focused therapy for individuals to be an empirically supported treatment for depression. [88] Studies have suggested that it is effective in the treatment of depression, interpersonal problems, trauma, and avoidant personality disorder. [89]
Stonewalling is an unhealthy communication pattern in which one partner refuses to engage during an argument. Experts weigh in why it happens and how to fix it.
Stonewalling is a refusal to communicate or cooperate. Such behaviour occurs in situations such as marriage counselling , diplomatic negotiations , politics and legal cases. [ 1 ] Body language may indicate and reinforce this by avoiding contact and engagement with the other party. [ 2 ]
Avoidance coping is measured via a self-reported questionnaire. Initially, the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) was used, which is a 62-item questionnaire that assesses experiential avoidance, and thus avoidance coping, by measuring how many avoidant behaviors a person exhibits and how strongly they agree with each statement on a scale of 1–6. [1]
An example of a safety behavior in social anxiety is to think of excuses to escape a potentially uncomfortable situation. [2] These safety behaviors, although useful for reducing anxiety in the short term, might become maladaptive over the long term by prolonging anxiety and fear of nonthreatening situations.
Social anxiety is the anxiety and fear specifically linked to being in social settings (i.e., interacting with others). [1] Some categories of disorders associated with social anxiety include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, autism spectrum disorders, eating disorders, and substance use disorders. [1]
The main behavioral sign of a specific phobia is avoidance. [5] The fear or anxiety associated with specific phobia can also manifest in physical symptoms such as an increased heart rate, shortness of breath , muscle tension, sweating , or a desire to escape the situation.