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  2. Systematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematics

    Phylogeny – the historical relationships between lineages of organism; 16S ribosomal RNA – an intensively studied nucleic acid that has been useful in phylogenetics; Phylogenetic comparative methods – use of evolutionary trees in other studies, such as biodiversity, comparative biology. adaptation, or evolutionary mechanisms

  3. r/K selection theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R/K_selection_theory

    Traits that are thought to be characteristic of K-selection include large body size, long life expectancy, and the production of fewer offspring, which often require extensive parental care until they mature. Organisms whose life history is subject to K-selection are often referred to as K-strategists or K-selected. [11]

  4. Cladistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladistics

    The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics (synapomorphies) that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically ...

  5. Biological interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_interaction

    Parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. [20] The parasite either feeds on the host, or, in the case of intestinal parasites, consumes some of its food.

  6. Phylogenetic comparative methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic_comparative...

    Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) use information on the historical relationships of lineages (phylogenies) to test evolutionary hypotheses.The comparative method has a long history in evolutionary biology; indeed, Charles Darwin used differences and similarities between species as a major source of evidence in The Origin of Species.

  7. Clade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clade

    The relationship between clades can be described in several ways: A clade located within a clade is said to be nested within that clade. In the diagram, the hominoid clade, i.e. the apes and humans, is nested within the primate clade. Two clades are sisters if they have an immediate common ancestor. In the diagram, lemurs and lorises are sister ...

  8. Cooperation (evolution) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperation_(evolution)

    There are three major mechanisms that generate this type of fitness benefit: limited dispersal, kin discrimination and the green-beard effect. Hamilton originally suggested that high relatedness could arise in two ways: direct kin recognition between individuals or limited dispersal, or population viscosity, which can keep relatives together. [19]

  9. Tree of life (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_of_life_(biology)

    The tree of life or universal tree of life is a metaphor, conceptual model, and research tool used to explore the evolution of life and describe the relationships between organisms, both living and extinct, as described in a famous passage in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859). [1]