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Given a sample set, one can compute the studentized residuals and compare these to the expected frequency: points that fall more than 3 standard deviations from the norm are likely outliers (unless the sample size is significantly large, by which point one expects a sample this extreme), and if there are many points more than 3 standard ...
Also, reliability is a property of the scores of a measure rather than the measure itself and are thus said to be sample dependent. Reliability estimates from one sample might differ from those of a second sample (beyond what might be expected due to sampling variations) if the second sample is drawn from a different population because the true ...
Cohen's kappa measures the agreement between two raters who each classify N items into C mutually exclusive categories. The definition of is =, where p o is the relative observed agreement among raters, and p e is the hypothetical probability of chance agreement, using the observed data to calculate the probabilities of each observer randomly selecting each category.
The technique provides the user with useful suggestions as to how to reduce the occurrence of errors [4] It provides ready linkage between Ergonomics and Process Design, with reliability improvement measures being a direct conclusion which can be drawn from the assessment procedure. It allows cost benefit analyses to be conducted
graph with an example of steps in a failure mode and effects analysis. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA; often written with "failure modes" in plural) is the process of reviewing as many components, assemblies, and subsystems as possible to identify potential failure modes in a system and their causes and effects.
[3] [4] Seemingly unaware of McDonald's work, Jöreskog first analyzed a quantity equivalent to congeneric reliability in a paper the following year. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Jöreskog defined congeneric reliability (now labeled ρ) with coordinate-free notation, [ 5 ] and three years later, Werts gave the modern, coordinatized formula for the same. [ 6 ]
The technique was developed in the Sandia Laboratories for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. [4] Its primary author is Swain, who developed the THERP methodology gradually over a lengthy period. [2] THERP relies on a large human reliability database that contains HEPs and is based upon both plant data and expert judgments. The technique was ...
When the failure rate is decreasing the coefficient of variation is ⩾ 1, and when the failure rate is increasing the coefficient of variation is ⩽ 1. [ clarification needed ] [ 15 ] Note that this result only holds when the failure rate is defined for all t ⩾ 0 [ 16 ] and that the converse result (coefficient of variation determining ...