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Common causes of cardiac tamponade include cancer, kidney failure, chest trauma, myocardial infarction, and pericarditis. [2] [5] Other causes include connective tissues diseases, hypothyroidism, aortic rupture, autoimmune disease, and complications of cardiac surgery. [2] [6] In Africa, tuberculosis is a relatively common cause. [1]
A pericardial effusion is fluid in the pericardial sac. When large enough, the pressure compresses the heart. This causes shock by preventing the heart from filling with blood. This is called cardiac tamponade. The chambers of the heart can collapse from this pressure. The right heart has thinner walls and collapses more easily.
It is clinically similar to a pericardial effusion, and, depending on the volume and rapidity with which it develops, may cause cardiac tamponade. [1] The condition can be caused by full-thickness necrosis (death) of the myocardium (heart muscle) after myocardial infarction, chest trauma, [2] and by over-prescription of anticoagulants.
Pericardial effusion due to a viral infection usually resolves within a few weeks without any treatment. [8] Small pericardial effusions without any symptoms don't require treatment and may be watched with serial ultrasounds. [2] If the effusion is compromising heart function and causing cardiac tamponade, it will need to be drained. [1]
A blunt cardiac injury is an injury to the heart as the result of blunt trauma, typically to the anterior chest wall. It can result in a variety of specific injuries to the heart, the most common of which is a myocardial contusion , which is a term for a bruise (contusion) to the heart after an injury. [ 1 ]
Cardiac tamponade Relieve pressure within the pericardium: Initial treatment may require pericardiocentesis. This procedure may be sufficient to resolve the tamponade, or further management may be required. Patient with cardiac tamponade following penetrating trauma may be good candidates for thoracotomy: Hypoxia Increase oxygen content of the ...
A very large hemorrhagic pericardial effusion due to malignancy as seen on ultrasound which was causing tamponade. closed arrow: the heart, open arrow: the effusion. Tamponade (/ ˌ t æ m. p ə ˈ n eɪ d / [1]) is the closure or blockage (as of a wound or body cavity) by or as if by a tampon, especially to stop bleeding. [2]
Beck's triad is a collection of three medical signs associated with acute cardiac tamponade, a medical emergency when excessive fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac around the heart and impairs its ability to pump blood. The signs are low arterial blood pressure, distended neck veins, and distant, muffled heart sounds. [1]