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Ankylosauria is a group of herbivorous dinosaurs of the clade Ornithischia. It includes the great majority of dinosaurs with armor in the form of bony osteoderms, similar to turtles . Ankylosaurs were bulky quadrupeds , with short, powerful limbs.
Skull of holotype AMNH 5895 and reconstruction diagram of same. In 1906, an American Museum of Natural History expedition led by American paleontologist Barnum Brown discovered the type specimen of Ankylosaurus magniventris (AMNH 5895) in the Hell Creek Formation, near Gilbert Creek, Montana.
Barnum Brown (February 12, 1873 – February 5, 1963), [1] commonly referred to as Mr. Bones, was an American paleontologist. He discovered the first documented remains of Tyrannosaurus during a career that made him one of the most famous fossil hunters working from the late Victorian era into the early 20th century.
Pelvis of the holotype specimen. In 1914, Barnum Brown and Peter Kaisen, working for the American Museum of Natural History, in Alberta at the Sand Creek near the Red Deer River, eight miles southeast of Steveville, excavated an ankylosaur skeleton, specimen AMNH 5337.
Artistic skeletal reconstruction of Ankylosaurus (AMNH 5895) by Barnum Brown, 1908, before the tail club was known Artistic restoration of Ankylosaurus magniventris. 1901. F. A. Lucas described the new species Stegosaurus marshi, and later reclassified it as Polacanthus marshi. [12] 1902
Ankylosauridae (/ ˌ æ ŋ k ɪ l oʊ ˈ s ɔː r ɪ d iː /) is a family of armored dinosaurs within Ankylosauria, and is the sister group to Nodosauridae.The oldest known ankylosaurids date to around 122 million years ago and went extinct 66 million years ago during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. [1]
In 1915, the American Museum of Natural History obtained the nearly complete, articulated front half of an armoured dinosaur, found the same year by Barnum Brown in Alberta, Canada. In 1922, William Diller Matthew referred this specimen, AMNH 5381, to Palaeoscincus in a popular-science article, not indicating any particular species. [7]
In 1943, Barnum Brown referred the find to Edmontonia longiceps. [1] In 1988, Robert Thomas Bakker decided to split the genus Edmontonia. The species Edmontonia rugosidens was made into a separate genus named Chassternbergia and the Denver fossil was named and described as a new genus and species.