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The Westinghouse Atom Smasher was intended to make measurements of nuclear reactions for research in nuclear power. [8] It was the first industrial Van de Graaff generator in the world, [9] and marked the beginning of nuclear research for civilian applications. [10] [11] Built in 1937, it was a 65-foot-tall (20 m) pear-shaped tower.
The plant had a net nameplate capacity of 2250 MW or 750 MW net per unit, the rated power output leaving the plant through the transmission lines. The gross capacity was 2409.3 (MW) or 803.1 MW per unit, the rated power output at the generator that includes power used internally in the operation of the plant. [25]
Shutdown is the state of a nuclear reactor when the fission reaction is slowed significantly or halted completely. Different nuclear reactor designs have different definitions for what "shutdown" means, but it typically means that the reactor is not producing a measurable amount of electricity or heat and is in a stable condition with very low reactivity.
The plant was shut down in 2013 after defects were found in replacement steam generators; it is currently in the process of being decommissioned. The 2.2 GW of electricity supply lost when the plant shut down was replaced with 1.8 GW from new natural-gas-fired power plants and 250 MW from energy-storage projects. [6]
A black start is the process of restoring an electric power station, a part of an electric grid or an industrial plant, to operation without relying on the external electric power transmission network to recover from a total or partial shutdown. [1] Power to restart a generating station or plant may come from an on-site black start standby ...
Hydroelectric power plants can often dispatch in tens of seconds to minutes, and natural gas power plants can generally dispatch in tens of minutes. For example, the 1,728 MW Dinorwig pumped storage power plant can reach full output in 16 seconds. [4] Gas turbine (Brayton cycle) thermal plants require around 15-30 minutes to startup.
An induction generator or asynchronous generator is a type of alternating current (AC) electrical generator that uses the principles of induction motors to produce electric power. Induction generators operate by mechanically turning their rotors faster than synchronous speed.
The combustion tap-off cycle is a power cycle of a bipropellant rocket engine. The cycle takes a small portion of hot exhaust gas from the rocket engine's combustion chamber and routes it through turbopump turbines to pump fuel before being exhausted (similar to the gas-generator cycle). Since fuel is exhausted, the tap-off cycle is considered ...