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Intraductal papillomas of the breast are benign lesions with an incidence of approximately 2-3% in humans. [1] They result from abnormal proliferation of the epithelial cells lining the breast ducts. [2] Two types of intraductal papillomas are generally distinguished. The central type develops near the nipple.
In many patients with ADPKD, kidney dysfunction is not clinically apparent until 30 or 40 years of life. [5] However, an increasing body of evidence suggests the formation of renal cysts starts in utero. [24] Cysts initially form as small dilations in renal tubules, which then expand to form fluid-filled cavities of different sizes. [24]
A papilloma (plural papillomas or papillomata) (papillo-+ -oma) is a benign epithelial tumor [1] growing exophytically (outwardly projecting) in nipple-like and often finger-like fronds. In this context, papilla refers to the projection created by the tumor, not a tumor on an already existing papilla (such as the nipple).
Cystic kidney disease includes various conditions related to the formation of cysts in one or both kidneys. The most common subset is polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which is a genetic anomaly with two subsets, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
The microscopic appearance of a nipple adenoma can be mistaken for carcinoma. [1] Other conditions that have similar symptoms and signs as nipple adenoma include Paget's disease of the breast, other intraductal papillomas, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), syringomatous adenoma of the nipple and subareolar sclerosing duct hyperplasia.
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a type of tumor that can occur within the cells of the pancreatic duct. IPMN tumors produce mucus, [1] and this mucus can form pancreatic cysts. [2] Although intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms are benign tumors, they can progress to pancreatic cancer. [1]
Intraductal papillomas are non-cancerous lesions and commonest in women age 30 to 50. Divided into central and peripheral papillomas, nipple discharge is more frequently observed when they are central. [10] Up to half of women with intraductal papillomas may present with bloody nipple discharge, but it can also be straw-coloured. [4]
Ductal papilloma is a group of rare and benign papillary salivary gland tumors arising from the duct system: [1] [2] Inverted ductal papilloma; Sialadenoma papilliferum;