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Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease in domestic cats; [71] [72] [73] the disease process and genetics are believed to be similar to the disease in humans. [74] In Maine Coon cats, HCM has been confirmed as an autosomal dominant inherited trait. [75] Numerous cat breeds have HCM as a problem in the breed. [76]
FATE syndrome develops in approximately 70% of cases as a result of heart disease, most commonly heart disease with cardiac wall thickening (Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, HCM). Up to 17% of cats with HCM experience arterial thromboembolism, but cats with other cardiomyopathies are also at increased risk.
Cardiomyopathy is a group of primary diseases of the heart muscle. [1] Early on there may be few or no symptoms. [1] As the disease worsens, shortness of breath, feeling tired, and swelling of the legs may occur, due to the onset of heart failure. [1]
Feline disease refers to infections or illnesses that affect cats. They may cause symptoms, sickness or the death of the animal. Some diseases are symptomatic in one cat but asymptomatic in others. Feline diseases are often opportunistic and tend to be more serious in cats that already have concurrent sicknesses.
Cats heterozygous for this gene (Mkmk) have shortened and thickened legs, because this gene causes dwarfism in cats. Cats with this mutation have lived naturally in feral populations worldwide. However, cats with this gene are also the basis for several intentionally selected breeds of dwarf cat.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a form of cardiomyopathy in which the walls of the heart are rigid (but not thickened). [2] [3] Thus the heart is restricted from stretching and filling with blood properly.
Domestic cats are affected by over 250 naturally occurring hereditary disorders, many of which are similar to those in humans, such as diabetes, hemophilia and Tay–Sachs disease. [ 72 ] [ 73 ] For example, Abyssinian cat 's pedigree contains a genetic mutation that causes retinitis pigmentosa , which also affects humans. [ 73 ]
It is a diagnosis of exclusion which means other possible urinary diseases which could cause bladder inflammation (e.g. feline urinary tract infections or urolithiasis) are ruled out. [5] Research is still being pursued regarding the causes of cystitis in cats, though the following principal risk factors have been identified: [14]