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Psychological stress can be external and related to the environment, [3] but may also be caused by internal perceptions that cause an individual to experience anxiety or other negative emotions surrounding a situation, such as pressure, discomfort, etc., which they then deem stressful. Hans Selye (1974) proposed four variations of stress. [4]
It found that the following factors increase a person’s chances of experiencing stress, anxiety, and depression: Low self-esteem and little self-confidence An underlying mental health condition
Depiction of a person experiencing emotional exhaustion, while pretending everything is fine. Emotional exhaustion is a symptom of burnout, [1] a chronic state of physical and emotional depletion that results from excessive work or personal demands, or continuous stress. [2]
Anxiety is an emotion characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events. [1] [2] [3] Anxiety is different from fear in that fear is defined as the emotional response to a present threat, whereas anxiety is the anticipation of a future one. [4]
The reaction occurs in certain situations and is at the opposite end of the spectrum as fight or flight.
People who experience very low levels of stress might feel under stimulated and passive, while those with excessively high levels of stress may feel overwhelmed, anxious, and irritable. Thus, establishing an optimum level of stress is key.
The way an individual reacts to stress can directly overlap with their ability to regulate emotion. [110] Although the two concepts differ in a multitude of ways, "both coping [with stress] and emotion regulation involve affect modulation and appraisal processes" that are necessary for healthy relationships and self-identity. [111]
Affect, in psychology, is the underlying experience of feeling, emotion, attachment, or mood. [1] It encompasses a wide range of emotional states and can be positive ...