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Peter Ferdinand Drucker (/ ˈ d r ʌ k ər /; German:; November 19, 1909 – November 11, 2005) was an Austrian American management consultant, educator, and author, whose writings contributed to the philosophical and practical foundations of modern management theory.
On the other hand, more modern, network-centric, and decentralized concepts of C2, that rely on individual initiative and self-synchronization, tend to arise more from a "Theory Y" philosophy. [13] Mission Command , for example, is a command philosophy to which many modern military establishments aspire, and which involves individual judgment ...
Along with Lillian Gilbreth, she was one of two great women management experts in the early days of classical management theory. She has been called the "Mother of Modern Management". [ 2 ] Instead of emphasizing industrial and mechanical components, she advocated for what she saw as the far more important human element, regarding people as the ...
Middle management is the midway management of a categorized organization, being secondary to the senior management but above the deepest levels of operational members. An operational manager may be well-thought-out by middle management or may be categorized as a non-management operator, liable to the policy of the specific organization.
In modern contract theory, the “theory of the firm” is often identified with the “property rights approach” that was developed by Sanford J. Grossman, Oliver D. Hart, and John H. Moore. [ 45 ] [ 46 ] The property rights approach to the theory of the firm is also known as the “Grossman–Hart–Moore theory”.
The initial New Public Management (NPM) reforms implemented in Anglo-Saxon countries inspired reforms across the world. [9] These reforms, which were triggered and motivated by a variety of factors and resulted in the development of various models, led to the emergence of a global NPM trend. [10]
Contingency theory of leadership. In the contingency theory of leadership, the success of the leader is a function of various factors in the form of subordinate, task, and/ or group variables. The following theories stress using different styles of leadership appropriate to the needs created by different organizational situations.
The managerial grid model or managerial grid theory (1964) is a model, developed by Robert R. Blake and Jane Mouton, of leadership styles. [ 1 ] This model originally identified five different leadership styles based on the concern for people and the concern for production .