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In astronomy, the local standard of rest or LSR is a reference frame which follows the mean motion of material in the Milky Way in the neighborhood of the Sun (stars in radius 100 pc from the Sun), [1] on average sharing the same velocity around the Milky Way as the Sun. [2] The path of this material is not precisely circular. [3] The Sun ...
The Hubble constant is most frequently quoted in km/s/Mpc, which gives the speed of a galaxy 1 megaparsec (3.09 × 10 19 km) away as 70 km/s. Simplifying the units of the generalized form reveals that H 0 specifies a frequency (SI unit: s −1), leading the reciprocal of H 0 to be known as the Hubble time (14.4 billion years). The Hubble ...
In galactic astronomy, peculiar motion refers to the motion of an object (usually a star) relative to a Galactic rest frame. Local objects are commonly examined as to their vectors of position angle and radial velocity. These can be combined through vector addition to state the object's motion relative to the Sun.
Figure 1: Geometry of the Oort constants derivation, with a field star close to the Sun in the midplane of the Galaxy. Consider a star in the midplane of the Galactic disk with Galactic longitude at a distance from the Sun. Assume that both the star and the Sun have circular orbits around the center of the Galaxy at radii of and from the Galactic Center and rotational velocities of and ...
This motion is caused by the movement of the stars relative to the Sun and Solar System. The Sun travels in a nearly circular orbit (the solar circle ) about the center of the galaxy at a speed of about 220 km/s at a radius of 8,000 parsecs (26,000 ly) from Sagittarius A* [ 5 ] [ 6 ] which can be taken as the rate of rotation of the Milky Way ...
Average orbital speed of planet Earth around the Sun: 29 783: 97 713: 107 218: 66 623: The fastest recorded speed of the Helios probes: 70,220: 230,381: 252,792: 157,078: Recognized as the fastest speed achieved by a man-made spacecraft, achieved in solar orbit. Orbital speed of the Sun relative to the center of the galaxy: 251 000: 823 000: ...
The latter is caused by the peculiar velocity of the Sun relative to the comoving cosmic rest frame as it moves at 369.82 ± 0.11 km/s towards the constellation Crater near its boundary with the constellation Leo [8] The CMB dipole and aberration at higher multipoles have been measured, consistent with galactic motion. [9]
The approximate speed of the Voyager 1 probe relative to the Sun, when it exited the Solar System. [25] 29,800: 107,280: 66,700 0.00010: Speed of the Earth in orbit around the Sun. 47,800: 172,100: 106,900 0.00016: Atmospheric entry speed of the Galileo atmospheric probe—Fastest controlled atmospheric entry for a human-made object. 66,000: ...