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It mentions 8 purifications , criticising the Hatha Yoga Pradipika for only describing 6 of these. [3] It is one of the earliest texts (the other being the unpublished Yogacintāmaṇi) actually to name 84 asanas, [4] earlier manuscripts having simply claimed that 84 [a] or 8,400,000 asanas existed. [6]
Hatha yoga (/ ˈ h ʌ t ə, ˈ h ɑː t ə /; IAST: Haṭha-yoga) [2] is a branch of yoga that uses physical techniques to try to preserve and channel vital force or energy. The Sanskrit word हठ haṭha literally means "force", alluding to a system of physical techniques.
An asana (Sanskrit: आसन, IAST: āsana) is a body posture, used in both medieval hatha yoga and modern yoga. [1] The term is derived from the Sanskrit word for 'seat'. While many of the oldest mentioned asanas are indeed seated postures for meditation , asanas may be standing , seated, arm-balances, twists, inversions, forward bends ...
The Hatha Ratnavali by Srinivasa (17th century) [33] [34] is one of the few texts to attempt an actual listing of 84 asanas, [e] although 4 out of its list cannot be translated from the Sanskrit, and at least 11 [f] are merely mentioned without any description, their appearance known from other texts.
The two additional purifications in the Hatha Ratnavali are: Cakri, the dilation of the anus, using a finger moved about in the rectum. [1] Gajakarani (present but described differently in the Hatha Yoga Pradipika), holding sweetened water and the breath in the oesophagus, followed by expulsion of its contents. [1]
Nauli is an exercise of classical hatha yoga; [1] it is not often taught in yoga as exercise. There are four steps, which are learned one after another: [ 4 ] the abdominal lock, uddiyana bandha : the lungs are emptied, and the abdomen is pulled inwards and upwards under the lower edge of the ribcage [ 5 ]
Kapalbhati (Sanskrit: कपालभाति, romanized: kapālabhāti, "Skull-polishing") is an important shatkarma, a purification in hatha yoga.The word kapalabhati is made up of two Sanskrit words: kapāla meaning "skull", and bhāti meaning "shining, illuminating".
The Yogatārāvalī ("A String of Stars on Yoga" [1]) is a short yoga text of 29 verses from the 13th or 14th century, covering both haṭha yoga and rāja yoga (the yoga of Patanjali).