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Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate abbreviated InsP 3 or Ins3P or IP 3 is an inositol phosphate signaling molecule. It is made by hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2), a phospholipid that is located in the plasma membrane, by phospholipase C (PLC).
In biology, the enzyme ITP3K is abbreviated a number of different ways, including 1D-myo-inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase, ITP3K, ITPK, IP3-kinase, IP3-3-kinase, Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase. In addition the enzyme may be named as the product of one of 3 genes in humans ITPKA , ITPKB , and ITPKC , or one of two in fruit flies, IP3K1 and IP3K2 —a ...
IP3 is a secondary messenger that helps to send neuronal signals through the body. The neuronal cells have the calcium-signaling microdomains in the cytoplasm right next to the pre- and post-synaptic calcium channels in the nerve cells. Figure 1 is an example of how Na-K-ATPase forms the calcium-signaling microdomain.
Calcium signaling is the use of calcium ions (Ca 2+) to communicate and drive intracellular processes often as a step in signal transduction. Ca 2+ is important for cellular signalling , for once it enters the cytosol of the cytoplasm it exerts allosteric regulatory effects on many enzymes and proteins .
Inositol trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) is a membrane glycoprotein complex acting as a Ca 2+ channel activated by inositol trisphosphate (InsP3). InsP3R is very diverse among organisms, and is necessary for the control of cellular and physiological processes including cell division, cell proliferation, apoptosis, fertilization, development, behavior, learning and memory. [2]
The activated α subunit activates phospholipase C, which hydrolyzes membrane bound phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2), resulting in the formation of secondary messengers diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP 3). [10] IP 3 binds to calcium pumps on ER, transporting Ca 2+, another second messenger, into the cytoplasm.
Calcium imaging is a microscopy technique to optically measure the calcium (Ca 2+) status of an isolated cell, tissue or medium.Calcium imaging takes advantage of calcium indicators, fluorescent molecules that respond to the binding of Ca 2+ ions by fluorescence properties.
inositol-phospholipid signaling pathway. The inositol-phospholipid signaling pathway is responsible for the generation of IP3 through the cleavage of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) found in the lipid bi-layer of the plasma membrane by phospholipase C in response to either receptor tyrosine kinase or Gq alpha subunit-G protein-coupled receptor signaling.