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In this study, adults received either oral daprodustat or injected recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) (a standard of care treatment for people with anemia due to chronic kidney disease). [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Daprodustat raised and maintained the hemoglobin (the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen and is a common measure of anemia ...
Polyethylene glycol (PEG; / ˌ p ɒ l i ˈ ɛ θ əl ˌ iː n ˈ ɡ l aɪ ˌ k ɒ l,-ˈ ɛ θ ɪ l-,-ˌ k ɔː l /) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight.
Macrogol 4000, pharmaceutical quality. Macrogol 3350, often in combination with electrolytes, is used for short-term relief of constipation as well as for long-term use in constipation of various causes, including in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease patients (an often-overlooked non-motor symptom) as well as constipation caused by pharmaceutical drugs such as opioids and ...
Under the trade name Mircera, Roche Pharmaceuticals received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in January 2008 to market a continuous erythropoiesis receptor activator (methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta) for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease, including in those undergoing dialysis.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta, sold under the brand name Mircera, is a long-acting erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) used for the treatment of anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease. [4] It is the first approved, chemically modified erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA). [citation needed]
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) are medications which stimulate the bone marrow to make red blood cells. [1] They are used to treat anemia due to end stage kidney disease, chemotherapy, major surgery, or certain treatments in HIV/AIDS. [1] [2] In these situations they decrease the need for blood transfusions. [2]
Polyethylene glycol. PEGylation (or pegylation) is the process of both covalent and non-covalent attachment or amalgamation of polyethylene glycol (PEG, in pharmacy called macrogol) polymer chains to molecules and macrostructures, such as a drug, therapeutic protein or vesicle, which is then described as PEGylated.
The slower rate of metabolite production allows the liver to process and excrete the metabolites as they are produced, limiting the accumulation in tissues such as the kidney and eye. As a result, much of the organ damage is avoided. [8] Fomepizole is most effective when given soon after ingestion of ethylene glycol or methanol.
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