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With political control in what was effectively a one-party system, the South passed Jim Crow laws and instituted racial segregation in public facilities. In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the defendants in the Plessy v. Ferguson case, which established the "separate but equal" interpretation for the provision of services. Without the ...
According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, Blacks accounted for 39.4% of the prison and jail population in 2009, while non-Hispanic Whites were 34.2%, and Hispanics (of any race) 20.6%. The incarceration rate of Black males was over six times as high as White males, with a rate of 4,749 per 100,000 US residents.
Jails and prisons. On June 30, 2006, an estimated 4.8% of black non-Hispanic men were in prison or jail, compared to 1.9% of Hispanic men of any race, and 0.7% of white non-Hispanic men. [1] In the United States, sentencing law varies by jurisdiction. The jurisdictions in the US legal system are federal, state, regional, and county.
As of January 2022, 181 black people had been executed for killing a black victim, making up 11.75 percent of all executions. [5] Robert Wayne Williams was the first black person to be executed for killing a black victim since the reinstatement of capital punishment in 1976. [12]
The way in which certain drugs are criminalized also factors into the large disparities in involvement in the prison system between black and white communities. [41] For instance "conviction for crack selling (more heavily sold and used by people of color) [results] in a sentence 100 times more severe than for selling the same amount of powder ...
In 1927 a Chinese family in Mississippi brought suit challenging its daughters' expulsion from a local school for white students. In the binary system of the time, the school system had classified the girls as non-white and therefore prohibited. The state Supreme Court upheld the local decision. It ruled that state law defined whites as ...
The Supreme Court dealt a blow to thousands of prison inmates by ruling against a convicted drug dealer seeking a shorter sentence under the First Step Act of 2018.
Alabama appealed to the Supreme Court, which upheld the Appeals court decision in a very brief per curiam opinion. Justices Black, Harlan, and Stewart collectively wrote a concurring opinion in which they explicitly say that "prison authorities have the right, acting in good faith and in particularized circumstances, to take into account racial tensions in maintaining security, discipline, and ...