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Molar concentration (also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular, of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution. In chemistry, the most commonly used unit for molarity is the number of moles per liter ...
The molar conductivity of an electrolyte solution is defined as its conductivity divided by its molar concentration. [1][2] where: κ is the measured conductivity (formerly known as specific conductance), [3] c is the molar concentration of the electrolyte. The SI unit of molar conductivity is siemens metres squared per mole (S m 2 mol −1). [2]
normal range for uric acid in blood [10] 570 μM: inhaled carbon monoxide induces unconsciousness in 2–3 breaths and death in < 3 min (12 800 ppm) [15] 10 −3: mM 0.32–32 mM: normal range of hydronium ions in stomach acid (pH 1.5–3.5) [16] 5.5 mM: upper bound for healthy blood glucose when fasting [17] 7.8 mM
They range from those of water at very low concentrations approaching 0% HCl to values for fuming hydrochloric acid at over 40% HCl. [31] [32] [33] Hydrochloric acid as the binary (two-component) mixture of HCl and H 2 O has a constant-boiling azeotrope at 20.2% HCl and 108.6 °C (381.8 K; 227.5 °F).
As the concentration is increased however, the conductivity no longer rises in proportion. Moreover, Kohlrausch also found that the limiting conductivity of an electrolyte; λ 0 + and λ 0 − are the limiting molar conductivities of the individual ions. The following table gives values for the limiting molar conductivities for some selected ...
A strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, at concentration 1 mol dm −3 has a pH of 0, while a strong alkali like sodium hydroxide, at the same concentration, has a pH of 14. Since pH is a logarithmic scale, a difference of one in pH is equivalent to a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration.
The molar ionic strength, I, of a solution is a function of the concentration of all ions present in that solution. [3]= = where one half is because we are including both cations and anions, c i is the molar concentration of ion i (M, mol/L), z i is the charge number of that ion, and the sum is taken over all ions in the solution.
In chemistry, the molar absorption coefficient or molar attenuation coefficient (ε) [1] is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species absorbs, and thereby attenuates, light at a given wavelength. It is an intrinsic property of the species. The SI unit of molar absorption coefficient is the square metre per mole (m2/mol), but in practice ...