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  2. Quartz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz

    Quartz. Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO 4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO 2. Quartz is, therefore, classified structurally as a framework silicate mineral ...

  3. List of rock types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_types

    Chert – Hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of cryptocrystalline silica. Claystone – Clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay-sized particles. Coal – Combustible sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon. Conglomerate – Sedimentary rock composed of smaller rock fragments.

  4. Category:Quartz varieties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Quartz_varieties

    Varieties of the mineral Quartz. Subcategories. This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. C. Chert‎ (3 C, 23 P) Q. Quartz gemstones‎ (2 C ...

  5. Jasper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasper

    Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other mineral phases, [1][2] is an opaque, [3] impure variety of silica, usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue. The common red color is due to iron (III) inclusions. Jasper breaks with a smooth surface and is used for ornamentation or as ...

  6. Granite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite

    Granite. Granite (/ ˈɡrænɪt / GRAN-it) is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly cools and solidifies underground.

  7. Chert - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chert

    Chert (/ tʃɜːrt /) is a hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, [1] the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO 2). [2] Chert is characteristically of biological origin, but may also occur inorganically as a chemical precipitate or a diagenetic replacement, as in petrified wood.

  8. Shocked quartz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shocked_quartz

    Shocked quartz is a form of quartz that has a microscopic structure that is different from normal quartz. Under intense pressure (but limited temperature), the crystalline structure of quartz is deformed along planes inside the crystal. These planes, which show up as lines under a microscope, are called planar deformation features (PDFs), or ...

  9. Flint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint

    Flint, occasionally flintstone, is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, [1][2] categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone. Historically, flint was widely used to make stone tools and start fires. Flint occurs chiefly as nodules and masses in sedimentary rocks, such as chalks and limestones ...

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