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The Metalliferous Mines Regulations 1961 replaces both the Metalliferous Mines Regulations, 1926 and the Mysore Gold Mines Regulations, 1953 to prevent possible dangers, accidents and deaths from mining in India. [1] [2]
The mining industry in India is a major economic activity which contributes significantly to the economy of India. The gross domestic product (GDP) contribution of the mining industry varies from 2.2% to 2.5% only but going by the GDP of the total industrial sector, it contributes around 10% to 11%.
Coal in India has been mined since 1774, and India is the second largest producer and consumer of coal after China, mining 997 million metric tons (1,099 million short tons) in FY 2023-24. Around 20% of coal is imported.
The book has 9 chapters and 264 pages. First chapter of the book is Ole King Coal which contains introduction to India's mining history and how coal mining was started. [RY 1] It mentions about Raniganj, city on the bank of Damodar River, where coal mining happened en large and it mentions about Zambezi, river in the Africa, from where India has imported the coal.
The Aurangabad is a large coal field located in the east of India in Bihar. Aurangabad represents one of the largest coal reserve in India having estimated reserves of 3 billion tonnes of coal . [ 1 ]
Coal mining activities were initiated in Giridih by private owners in 1857, making it the earliest coal mine in Bihar/Jharkhand. East Indian Railway started organised mining in 1896. The ownership of the coalfield was handed over to the state collieries in 1936 and then transferred to National Coal Development Corporation in 1956.
This lists of mines in India is subsidiary to the list of mines article, and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output. For practical purposes stone, marbles and other quarries may be included in this list. In India, the underground mine to surface mine ratio is 20:80 [citation needed].
From 2021 to 2022, $7.76 billion worth of marine products were exported from India. [46] India has a long history in fishing and aquaculture. [47] Aquaculture is carried out in fresh water bodies and brackish water bodies. [47] In Indian rivers more than 400 species of fish are found, many of which are economically important.