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There are no formal diagnostic criteria for TIC. Thus, TIC is typically diagnosed when (1) tests have excluded other causes of cardiomyopathy and (2) there is improvement in myocardial function after treatment of the tachycardia or arrhythmia. [1] [5] [6] Treatment of TIC can involve treating the heart failure as well as the tachycardia or ...
Benzodiazepines, like many other sedative hypnotic drugs, cause apoptotic neuronal cell death. However, benzodiazepines do not cause as severe apoptosis to the developing brain as alcohol does. [105] [106] [107] The prenatal toxicity of benzodiazepines is most likely due to their effects on neurotransmitter systems, cell membranes and protein ...
The exact cause of Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is still being debated and remains unknown. Several mechanisms have been suggested, including increased sympathetic or decreased parasympathetic drive, increased intrinsic heart rate, dysfunctional neurohormonal modulation, ectopic sinus node activity, and beta-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies .
There are several known causes of adrenergic storms; in the United States, cocaine overdose is the leading cause. [16] Any stimulant drug has the capacity to cause this syndrome if taken in sufficient doses, but even non-psychotropic drugs can very rarely provoke a reaction.
Management includes stopping the triggering medication, rapid cooling, and starting other medications. [2] Medications used include dantrolene, bromocriptine, and diazepam. [2] The risk of death among those affected is about 10%. [4] Rapid diagnosis and treatment is required to improve outcomes. [1]
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a condition characterized by an abnormally large increase in heart rate upon sitting up or standing. [1] POTS is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system that can lead to a variety of symptoms, [10] including lightheadedness, brain fog, blurred vision, weakness, fatigue, headaches, heart palpitations, exercise intolerance, nausea ...
Often sinus node dysfunction produces no symptoms, especially early in the disease course. Signs and symptoms usually appear in more advanced disease and more than 50% of patients will present with syncope or transient near-fainting spells as well as bradycardias that are accompanied by rapid heart rhythms, referred to as tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome [4] [5] Other presenting signs or ...
Certain endocrine disorders such as pheochromocytoma can also cause epinephrine release and can result in tachycardia independent of nervous system stimulation. Hyperthyroidism can also cause tachycardia. [15] The upper limit of normal rate for sinus tachycardia is thought to be 220 bpm minus age. [citation needed]