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  2. Cas9 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas9

    Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9, formerly called Cas5, Csn1, or Csx12) is a 160 kilodalton protein which plays a vital role in the immunological defense of certain bacteria against DNA viruses and plasmids, and is heavily utilized in genetic engineering applications.

  3. CRISPR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR

    The system has 2 CRISPR loci and 9 Cas genes. It seems to be homologous to the I-F system found in Yersinia pestis. Moreover, like the bacterial CRISPR-Cas system, ICP1 CRISPR-Cas can acquire new sequences, which allows phage and host to co-evolve. [177] [178] Certain archaeal viruses were shown to carry mini-CRISPR arrays containing one or two ...

  4. CRISPR gene editing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR_gene_editing

    CRISPR-Cas-based "RNA-guided nucleases" can be used to target virulence factors, genes encoding antibiotic resistance, and other medically relevant sequences of interest. This technology thus represents a novel form of antimicrobial therapy and a strategy by which to manipulate bacterial populations.

  5. CRISPR RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR_RNA

    CRISPR RNA or crRNA is a RNA transcript from the CRISPR locus. [1] CRISPR-Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR associated systems) is an adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea to protect against mobile genetic elements , like viruses , plasmids , and transposons . [ 2 ]

  6. CRISPR activation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR_activation

    See: Guide RNA, CRISPR. Complementary base pairing between the sgRNA and genomic DNA allows targeting of Cas9 or dCas9. A small guide RNA (sgRNA), or gRNA is an RNA with around 20 nucleotides used to direct Cas9 or dCas9 to their targets. gRNAs contain two major regions of importance for CRISPR systems: the scaffold and spacer regions.

  7. Cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_apoptosis...

    Lastly, the ancillary domain helps with regulation of the gene and other CRISPR functions. [2] The CRISPR-Cas family of protein is also divided into 3 different types, Type I, Type II, Type III. Each of the 3 types of CRISPR-Cas are characterized by a specific gene; Type I: Cas3, Type II: Cas 9, Type III: Cas 10. [2]

  8. Protospacer adjacent motif - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protospacer_adjacent_motif

    PAM and size of various CRISPR DNA nucleases . The canonical PAM is the sequence 5'-NGG-3', where "N" is any nucleobase followed by two guanine ("G") nucleobases. [9] Guide RNAs can transport Cas9 to any locus in the genome for gene editing, but no editing can occur at any site other than one at which Cas9 recognizes PAM.

  9. Guide RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guide_RNA

    In the type II CRISPR/cas system, the sgRNA directs the Cas-enzyme to target specific regions in the genome for targeted DNA cleavage. The sgRNA is an artificially engineered combination of two RNA molecules: CRISPR RNA and trans-activating crRNA . The crRNA component is responsible for binding to the target-specific DNA region, while the ...

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