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It has been said that, at a meeting in 1928, Gulbenkian drew a red line on a map of the Middle East demarcating the boundaries of the area where the self-denial clause would be in effect. [7] Gulbenkian said this was the boundary of the Ottoman Empire he knew in 1914. He should know, he added, because he was born in it and lived in it.
The Turkish government reiterated this position when the Turkish Minister for Foreign Affairs, Rüştu Aras, in his address to the Turkish National Assembly on the occasion of the ratification of the Montreux Treaty, recognised Greece's legal right to deploy troops on Lemnos and Samothrace with the following statement: "The provisions ...
German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship: Germany: 26 February 1955 Baghdad Pact (later CENTO) United Kingdom, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan: 11 February 1959 19 February 1959 Zürich and London Agreements: United Kingdom, Greece 12 September 1963 Ankara Agreement: Common Market: 21 July 1964 RCD Treaty: Iran, Pakistan 25 June 1992 Bosporus Statement
The International Straits Commission was an international agency that, under the auspices of the League of Nations, managed the Turkish Straits (the Dardanelles and Bosphorus) from 1923 to 1936. [2] In the aftermath of World War I and the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres, the Straits were demilitarized and internationalized.
The Turkish Straits crisis was a Cold War-era territorial conflict between the Soviet Union and Turkey. Turkey had remained officially neutral throughout most of the Second World War . [ a ] After the war ended, Turkey was pressured by the Soviet government to institute joint military control of passage through the Turkish Straits , which ...
The Turkish capitulations were grants made by successive sultans to Christian nations, conferring rights and privileges in favour of their subjects resident or trading in the Ottoman dominions, following the policy towards European states of the Byzantine Empire.
The TAF still maintains an important degree of influence over Turkish politics and the decision-making process regarding issues related to Turkish national security, albeit decreased in the past decades, via the National Security Council. The military has had a record of intervening in politics.
The Constitution was created after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of the First World War. [3] Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who then became Turkey's first President was a key driver in preparing this Constitution. [3] Mustafa Kemal announced the election of a new assembly to meet in Turkey's capital, Ankara. [3]