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Cognitive restructuring (CR) is a psychotherapeutic process of learning to identify and dispute irrational or maladaptive thoughts known as cognitive distortions, [1] such as all-or-nothing thinking (splitting), magical thinking, overgeneralization, magnification, [1] and emotional reasoning, which are commonly associated with many mental health disorders. [2]
Cognitive reframing can happen subconsciously, while cognitive restructuring, something usually done under the guidance of a therapist, is conscious. [6] Since cognitive restructuring is a therapeutic technique, it requires the patient to recognize and consciously shift their frame of reference to a more ‘positive’ one.
Cognitive restructuring (CR) is a popular form of therapy used to identify and reject maladaptive cognitive distortions, [33] and is typically used with individuals diagnosed with depression. [34] In CR, the therapist and client first examine a stressful event or situation reported by the client.
In cognitive therapy, decatastrophizing or decatastrophization is a cognitive restructuring technique to treat cognitive distortions, such as magnification and catastrophizing, commonly seen in psychological disorders like anxiety [1] and psychosis. [2]
From the cognitive psychology perspective, cognitions and feelings precede behavior, so it initially uses cognitive restructuring. The goal of the therapy is for the individual to learn how to cope with and overcome their fear in each level of an exposure hierarchy. The process of systematic desensitization occurs in three steps.
Cognitive restructuring involves four steps: [15] Identification of problematic cognitions known as "automatic thoughts" (ATs) which are dysfunctional or negative views of the self, world, or future based upon already existing beliefs about oneself, the world, or the future [16] Identification of the cognitive distortions in the ATs
While cognitive restructuring can significantly aid recovery, there are potential drawbacks. For instance, cognitive restructuring may require a high level of cognitive functioning and insight, which could be challenging for individuals with cognitive deficits or limited awareness of their addictive behaviours.
Reconstructive memory is a theory of memory recall, in which the act of remembering is influenced by various other cognitive processes including perception, imagination, motivation, semantic memory and beliefs, amongst others.