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Philip Tetlow, an IBM-based scientist influential in the emergence of web science as an independent discipline, [6] argued for the concept of web life, [7] which considers the Web not as a connected network of computers, as in common interpretations of the Internet, but rather as a sociotechnical machine [8] capable of fusing together individuals and organisations into larger coordinated groups.
Standards definition of open data used by a wide range of public nd private actors have been partly elaborated by researchers around concrete scientific issues. [71] The concept of transparency has especially contributed to create convergences between open science, open data and open government.
Gathering data can be accomplished through a primary source (the researcher is the first person to obtain the data) or a secondary source (the researcher obtains the data that has already been collected by other sources, such as data disseminated in a scientific journal).
The term was coined by Tim Berners-Lee for a web of data (or data web) [6] that can be processed by machines [7] —that is, one in which much of the meaning is machine-readable. While its critics have questioned its feasibility, proponents argue that applications in library and information science , industry, biology and human sciences ...
In information science, an ontology encompasses a representation, formal naming, and definitions of the categories, properties, and relations between the concepts, data, or entities that pertain to one, many, or all domains of discourse.
Data science is multifaceted and can be described as a science, a research paradigm, a research method, a discipline, a workflow, and a profession. [4] Data science is "a concept to unify statistics, data analysis, informatics, and their related methods" to "understand and analyze actual phenomena" with data. [5]
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Web data integration (WDI) is the process of aggregating and managing data from different websites into a single, homogeneous workflow. This process includes data access, transformation, mapping, quality assurance and fusion of data. Data that is sourced and structured from websites is referred to as "web data".