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The minimum size for char is 8 bits, the minimum size for short and int is 16 bits, for long it is 32 bits and long long must contain at least 64 bits. The type int should be the integer type that the target processor is most efficiently working with. This allows great flexibility: for example, all types can be 64-bit.
8 bits Byte, octet, minimum size of char in C99( see limits.h CHAR_BIT) −128 to +127 0 to 255 2 bytes 16 bits x86 word, minimum size of short and int in C −32,768 to +32,767 0 to 65,535 4 bytes 32 bits x86 double word, minimum size of long in C, actual size of int for most modern C compilers, [8] pointer for IA-32-compatible processors
For instance, using a 32-bit format, 16 bits may be used for the integer and 16 for the fraction. The eight's bit is followed by the four's bit, then the two's bit, then the one's bit. The fractional bits continue the pattern set by the integer bits. The next bit is the half's bit, then the quarter's bit, then the ⅛'s bit, and so on. For example:
Then zero extend the number up to a multiple of 7 bits (such that if the number is non-zero, the most significant 7 bits are not all 0). Break the number up into groups of 7 bits. Output one encoded byte for each 7 bit group, from least significant to most significant group. Each byte will have the group in its 7 least significant bits.
The most common representation of a positive integer is a string of bits, using the binary numeral system. The order of the memory bytes storing the bits varies; see endianness. The width, precision, or bitness [3] of an integral type is the number of bits in its representation.
Both formats break a number down into a sign bit s, an exponent q (between q min and q max), and a p-digit significand c (between 0 and 10 p −1). The value encoded is (−1) s ×10 q × c . In both formats the range of possible values is identical, but they differ in how the significand c is represented.
The x86 extended-precision format is an 80-bit format first implemented in the Intel 8087 math coprocessor and is supported by all processors that are based on the x86 design that incorporate a floating-point unit (FPU). The Intel 8087 was the first x86 device which supported floating-point arithmetic in hardware. It was designed to support a ...
2 76 bits – Maximum volume and file size in the Unix File System (UFS) and maximum disk capacity using the 64-bit LBA SCSI standard introduced in 2000 using 512-byte blocks. [20] 10 23: 1.0 × 10 23 bits – increase in information capacity when 1 joule of energy is added to a heat-bath at 1 K (−272.15 °C) [21] 2 77