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Mantis shrimp are carnivorous marine crustaceans of the order Stomatopoda (from Ancient Greek στόμα (stóma) 'mouth' and ποδός (podós) 'foot'). Stomatopods branched off from other members of the class Malacostraca around 400 million years ago, [ 2 ] with more than 520 extant species of mantis shrimp known.
Gonodactylus smithii, also known as the purple spot mantis shrimp or Smith's mantis shrimp, is a species of the smasher type of mantis shrimp. [2] G. smithii are the first animals discovered to be capable of dynamic polarization vision. [ 3 ]
Odontodactylus scyllarus, commonly known as the peacock mantis shrimp, harlequin mantis shrimp, painted mantis shrimp, clown mantis shrimp, rainbow mantis shrimp, or simply mantis shrimp, is a large stomatopod native to the epipelagic seabed across the Indo-Pacific, ranging from the Marianas to East Africa, and as far South as Northern KwaZulu Natal in South Africa.
Odontodactylus is a genus of mantis shrimp, the only genus in the family Odontodactylidae. [1] Mantis shrimp of the genus Odontodactylus can not only detect circular polarisation of light, but can also detect polarised light reflecting off their telson and uropods. [2] The genus Odontodactylus contains the following species: [3]
Squillidae is a family of mantis shrimp, the only family in the superfamily Squilloidea. [1] The type genus is Squilla . [ 2 ] It is the stomatopod family with the most genera , [ 2 ] as follows: [ 3 ]
Squilla mantis for sale at a Catalan market. S. mantis is the only native stomatopod to be fished for on a commercial scale in the Mediterranean. Over 7,000 t is caught annually, 85% of which is caught on Italian shores of the Adriatic Sea, [9] with further production in the Ionian Sea, off Sardinia, off the coast of Catalonia and off the Balearic Islands.
This species is territorial and will defend its burrow from other mantis shrimps. [2] Squilla empusa is mainly nocturnal and feeds on fish, shrimps, crabs, krill, worms, molluscs and other mantis shrimps. The raptorial claws are unfolded with great rapidity to spear, slash and immobilise the prey, which is brought back inside the burrow when ...
All mantis shrimp (stomatopods) are either spearers or smashers. G. chiragra is a smasher, which means that the heel on their second pair of thoracic appendages is greatly enlarged, forming a club that is used to smash prey. [6] When a target is spotted, G. chiragra strike powerfully and quickly in one of the quickest punches in all of nature. [7]