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The first human cases of COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, on or about 17 November 2019. [2] The first confirmed human case in the United States was on 19 January 2020. The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020, and first ...
This article documents the chronology and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The first human cases of COVID-19 known to have been identified were in Wuhan , Hubei , China , in December 2019.
[15] [16] On 2 December 2020, the United Kingdom's Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) gave temporary regulatory approval for the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine, [17] [18] becoming the first country to approve this vaccine and the first country in the Western world to approve the use of any COVID‑19 vaccine.
One of the other mRNA vaccines is for COVID-19. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 ) outbreaks in December 2019 and spread all over the world, causing a pandemic of respiratory illness designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). [ 49 ]
The development of COVID-19 tests was a major public health priority during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In January 2020, scientists from China published the first genetic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 via virological.org , [ 3 ] a "hub for prepublication data designed to assist with public health activities and research". [ 4 ]
The species was merged with Rat coronavirus (discovered in 1970 [23]) and Puffinosis coronavirus (discovered in 1982 [59]) as Murine coronavirus in 2009. [60] 229E and OC43 were collectively named Human respiratory virus but merged as Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) in 2009. [61]
The COVID-19 vaccines are widely credited for their role in reducing the severity and death caused by COVID-19. [ 128 ] [ 129 ] As of March 2023, more than 5.5 billion people had received one or more doses [ 130 ] (11.8 billion in total) in over 197 countries.
Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system. Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies .