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The first human cases of COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, on or about 17 November 2019. [2] The first confirmed human case in the United States was on 19 January 2020. The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020, and first ...
BioNTech initiated "Project Lightspeed" in January 2020 to develop an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine, just days after the SARS-Cov-2 genetic sequence was first made public. [30] In March 2020, BioNTech partnered with Fosun Pharma for mainland China and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau and Pfizer for the rest of the world ...
All RMPs for COVID‑19 vaccines will be published on the EMA's website. [136] The EMA published guidance for developers of potential COVID‑19 vaccines on the clinical evidence to include in marketing authorization applications. [137] In November 2020, the CHMP started a rolling review of the Moderna vaccine for COVID‑19 known as mRNA-1273 ...
In 2020 and 2021, mRNA vaccines have been developed globally for use in combating the coronavirus disease (COVID-19 pandemic). [2] The Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine was the first mRNA vaccine approved by a medicines regulator , followed by the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine , and others.
The species was merged with Rat coronavirus (discovered in 1970 [23]) and Puffinosis coronavirus (discovered in 1982 [59]) as Murine coronavirus in 2009. [60] 229E and OC43 were collectively named Human respiratory virus but merged as Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) in 2009. [61]
The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer–BioNTech had short-term efficacy rates of over 90 percent against the original SARS-CoV-2 virus. Prior to mRNA, drug trials on pathogens other than COVID-19 were not effective and had to be abandoned in the early phases of trials. The reason for the efficacy of the new mRNA vaccines is not clear.
This article documents the chronology and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The first human cases of COVID-19 known to have been identified were in Wuhan , Hubei , China , in December 2019.
The COVID-19 vaccines are widely credited for their role in reducing the severity and death caused by COVID-19. [ 128 ] [ 129 ] As of March 2023, more than 5.5 billion people had received one or more doses [ 130 ] (11.8 billion in total) in over 197 countries.