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At the micro-economic level, deleveraging refers to the reduction of the leverage ratio, or the percentage of debt in the balance sheet of a single economic entity, such as a household or a firm. It is the opposite of leveraging, which is the practice of borrowing money to acquire assets and multiply gains and losses.
Hypothec (/ h aɪ ˈ p ɒ θ ɪ k, ˈ h aɪ p ɒ θ-/; German: Hypothek, French: hypothèque, from Lat. hypotheca, from Gk. ὑποθήκη: hypothēkē), sometimes tacit hypothec, is a term used in civil law systems (e.g. the law of most of Continental Europe) or to refer to a registered real security of a creditor over real estate, but under some jurisdictions it may additionally cover ships ...
A debtor or debitor is a legal entity (legal person) that owes a debt to another entity. The entity may be an individual, a firm, a government, a company or other legal person. The counterparty is called a creditor. When the counterpart of this debt arrangement is a bank, the debtor is more often referred to as a borrower.
Examples of types of liabilities include: money owing on a loan, money owing on a mortgage, or an IOU. Liabilities of sectors of USA economy, 1945-2017, based on flow of funds statistics of the Federal Reserve System. Liabilities are debts and obligations of the business they represent as creditor's claim on business assets.
For example, the total value of a good produced in a region of a country depends on both the amount and the price. To compare the output of different regions, the nominal output in a region can be adjusted by repricing the goods at common or average prices.
This is most commonly done for nonrecourse loans, where the creditor cannot make other claims on the debtor; a common example is a situation of negative equity on a mortgage loan in common law jurisdictions such as the United States, which is in general non-recourse. In this latter case, default is colloquially called "jingle mail"—the debtor ...
Mutual credit accounting emphasises the importance of balanced exchange over the importance of property owners getting something for nothing. [ citation needed ] When every credit is matched by an equal and opposite debt, which is to say when there is no money and no interest, then supply equals demand a priori , and all the problems of ...
Another economic example of this situation in economics is the bank run. The Great Depression was regarded by some as a deflationary spiral. [42] A deflationary spiral is the modern macroeconomic version of the general glut controversy of the 19th century. Another related idea is Irving Fisher's theory that excess debt can cause a continuing ...